Cellular immunotherapy has been adopted at a large scale for the treatment of various types of cancer. The therapy involves use of T-cells that are modified using genetic engineering and cutting-edge technology to treat diseases that the immune system fails to respond. One approach that makes these cells competitive to kill cancerous cells is the attachment of modified T-cell receptors on the cell surface. T-cell receptors, commonly known as proteins, are present on the surface of lymphocytes to bind with antigens. T-cell receptor therapy is emerging as an advanced adoptive therapy to target particular solid tumor markers.
By considering its significance in the treatment of tumor patients, ongoing clinical research in this direction encourages pharmaceuticals to drive more cellular therapies for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Driven by the ongoing efforts and clinical trials, it is expected that the TCR Therapy Marketwill grow at a CAGR of 51% in the future.
What Are T-Cell Receptors?
The T-cell receptor refers to the transmembrane receptor protein which iis present on the cell surface. It is primarily responsible for the recognition of target cells or antigens on the targeted cell surface—thereby activating the T-cells to stimulate the immune response and initiate killing action.
Advances in technology have enabled pharmaceuticals to utilize T-cell receptors to alter the antigen specificity of the T-cells for recognition of tumor-specific binding sites—enabling it to identify a broad range of targeted sites, including intracellular proteins. Presently, TCR therapy has been evaluated to treat malignancies such as; melanoma, leukemia, oropharyngeal, sarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, nasopharyngeal cancer, and neck cancer.
What is the Need for Engineered T-Cell Receptor Therapy?
T-cells of the immune system can fight against numerous diseases by initiating binding to the antigen. Unfortunately, in the case of cancer, T-cells are enabled to respond to the tumor cells. To address the concern, researchers have employed engineered T-cell receptor therapy in which T-cells of the patient have been altered using genetic engineering.
The newly modified T-cell receptor with a specific binding site enables the target of the cancer antigen and kills the cells naturally. T-cell therapy offers a significant advantage of personalized treatment, which means the response can be tailored according to the patient’s requirements. Target-specific responses enable scientists to find potential solutions to treat oncological and non-oncological disorders. Several clinical trials are underway to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of the TCR therapies.
TCR Therapy Market: The Current Market Landscape
With a growing focus on precision medicine and target-specific therapies, several industrial players are evaluating the potential of T-cell receptor therapies for the treatment of oncological disorders. Notably, in January 2022, the FDA approved the Kimmtrak® (Immunocore), the first TCR therapy for the treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma in adult patients.
With advancements in technologies and available resources, the TCR therapy researchers are continually putting efforts into developing next-generation T-cell receptor therapies. However, the major focus of researchers is on NY-ESO-1 and MAGE, the two most famous target antigens of the T-cell receptor domain. The global TCR therapy market has also witnessed the active participation of leading pharmaceutical players in advancing technologies to develop new TCR therapies. Such advancements will define the future of the TCR therapy market with the development of safe and efficacious therapeutic solutions.
What Are The Key Challenges in Designing TCR Therapy Market?
Despite the promising benefits, T-cell receptor therapy adoption at a large scale is still on hold due to potential side effects. Furthermore, scientists also face challenges in the identification of specific target antigens due to the complex design of T-cell receptors. There is a requirement for robust technology and manufacturing processes to overcome these challenges. The ongoing refinements and innovation in the TCR therapy market ensure continuous growth, and soon, market players will come up with effective therapies for the treatment of cancer.
Some Recent News of the TCR Therapy Market
Several TCR therapy market players have taken active participation in the development of advanced therapies. Some of the recent news associated with the development of TCR therapies are as follows:
▪ In June 2023, Lion TCR announced their closing of USD 40 million in the series B2 funding round to support clinical trials on hepatitis B virus specific TCR-T cell therapy.
▪ In March 2023, Adaptimmune Therapeutics entered into a definitive agreement with YCR2 Therapeutics with the aim of developing a preeminent cell therapy for patients with solid tumors.
▪ In November 2022, AstraZeneca announced the plan of acquiring TCR-T Cell therapy company Neogene Therapeutics with a sum assured of $320 million, which also includes a $200 million upfront payment of the deal closure.
Top TCR Therapy Market Players
The global TCR therapy market players are paving their research and development efforts to accelerate the development of advanced therapeutic solutions. Examples of the top market leaders are:
▪ Adaptimmune Therapeutics
▪ Alaunos Therapeutics
▪ Bluebird bio
▪ Bristol Myers Squibb
▪ Cellular Biomedicine Group
▪ China Immunotech
▪ Gilead Sciences
▪ GlaxoSmithKline
▪ Immatics
▪ Immunocore
▪ Intellia Therapeutics
▪ Lion TCR
▪ Takara Bio
▪ TCRCure Biopharma
▪ Zelluna Immunotherapy
TCR Therapy Market: Future Outlook
TCR therapy poised a revolution in the treatment of cancer. The ongoing research helps in refining novel antigens techniques and optimizes the treatment protocols. The integration of cutting-edge technologies such as next-generation genome sequencing and CRISPR gene editing tools is likely to enhance research and clinical trial processes to improve the safety and precision of TCR therapy. In the future, the combinational approach of TCR therapies with other cellular immunotherapies will open channels for comprehensive treatment and care to the patients.
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